Variable-speed and reversing gear.



PATBNTE'D AUG. 7, 1900,

F. MARKGRAF. VARIABLE SPEED AND REVERSING GEAR.

APPLICATION FILED IBB. 11, 1903. RBNBWED JAN.13. 1900.

7 SHEETS-SHEET 1.

it/mms." y

Woraacy PATENTED AUGT'?, 1906. E. MAEKGEAE. VARIABLE SPEED AND EEVEEEING GEAR.

APPLICATION FILED FEBJI, 1903. RBNEWBD JAN. 13. 1906.

7 SHEETS-SHEET Z.

amm l l//zi y PATENTED AUG. 7, 1906.

'1 SHEETS-SHEET a.

F. MARKGRAP.

VARIABLE SPEED AND REVERSING GEAR.

APPLICATION FILED $213.11. 190s. RENEWBD JAN.13, 1906.

PATENTED AUG. 7, 1906.

P. MARKGRAF.

VARIABLESPEED AND REVERSING GEAR. APPLICATION FILED FEB.11, 1903. BENEWED JAN. 13. 1906.

7 SHEETS-SHEET 4.

No. 827,742. PATENTED AUG. 7, 1906.

- E. MAEKGEAE. VARIABLE SPEED AED EEVEESIEG GEA-E.

APPLICATION FILED PEB.11, 1903. RENEWED JAN.13. 1906.

7 SHEETS-SHEET 5.

- f Ml '5y A from/E ys,

PATENTED AUG. 7, 1906.

P. MARKGRAF.

VARIABLE SPEED AND REVERSING GEAR.

APPLICATION FILED IBBJI, 1903. RENIIWED JAN. 13. 1906.

7 SHEETS-SHEET 6.

mmm l, mmm@ No. 827,742. PATENTED AUG. '7, 1906.

E. MARKGRAF. VARIABLE SPEED AND REVERSING GEAR. K

APPLICATION FILED FEB. 1l, 1903. RENBWED JAN.13.1906.

7 SHEETS-SHEET 7.

TnTTTnn sTATns PATENT oTTTon FRANZ MARKG/RA-F, OF NEW YORK, N. Y.

VARIABLE-SPEED AND REVERSING GEAR.

ToaZZ whom it nto/,y con/cern:

Be it known that I, FRANZ MARKGRAF, residing in the borough of the Bronx, 'city of New York, in the county of New York and State of New York, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Variable- Speed and Reversing Gears, of which the following is a full, clear, and exact description, such as will enable others skilled in the art to which it appertains to make and use the same. j

My invention relates particularly to variable-speed and reversing gears designed for use on automobiles and other vehicles, although my improved gear may be employed with any class of machinery designed to be driven at variable speeds.

The main object of my invention is to provide a variable speed gear in which the driving and driven gear-wheels may be thrown into and out of mesh without danger of stripping the teeth and with the minimum amount of wear, and I accomplish this object by making and breaking mesh between any pair of wheels while one wheel of that pair is running free, or, in other words, while there is no load thereon.

Another object of my invention is to provide av simple form of reversing-gear which 'is also thrown into and out of mesh while there is no load thereon, and a lstill further object is to provide a simple and positive controlling or operating mechanism for obtaining the various speeds and reversal.

Other pbjects will appear fromfwhat is hereinafter set forth.-

In carrying my invention into eHect`I preferably employ two parallel shafts, on one of which, preferably the drivingshaft, are keyed gear-wheels of progressively-varying diameters, one for each forward speed and one for the reversing-gear, and on the other shaft are sleeved a series of driven gearwheels progressively varying iii diameter in the opposite direction and arranged to slide on the shaft, so as to be moved successively into and out of mesh with their respective driving-wheels on the driving-shaft. Each of the driven wheels is provided with clutchjaws which engage movable jaws on the driven shaft, whereby, as will be hereinafter more fully pointed7 out, only one pair of wheels willcarry the load, while the clutchjaws of any other driven wheel, which may be in mesh with its respective driving-wheel, will slip during the operation of shifting the driv- Specification of Letters Patent. Application filed February l1, 1903. Renewed January 13, 1906i Serial No. 295,902.

- line .6.

rathted Aug. 7, 4is'oe.

ing connection.v The driven wheels for high' I l and intermediate speeds are arrangedv to slide a distance equal to a little more than twice their width, so that in the idle position they will stand clear of adjacent wheels onv the driving-shaft', but the low-speed driven wheel is arranged to slidea greater distance, so that it may be moved beyond the idle position to throw it into mesh with one pinion "of the reversing-gear, it beingy understood that the reversing-gear is employed only with the lowest speed, although the reversing-gear may be duplicated, if desired, so 1 that it vmaybe employed with any other speedand in that case the driven wheels fo'r` ysu ch other speeds willbe arranged to slide to the same extent as the low-speed I also employ other novel featuresv and..

'pointed out in the claims.

In a modified form of my improvedl gear,

designed vmore particularly for very heavy 4Work, I dispense with the movable clutch- Sol jaws onthe driven shaft and employ rigid jaws, said jaws being free to slip, however,

during the shifting operation through a fiexible connection in the shifting mechanism, whereby the Same objects. are accomplished.

My improved gear is illustrated in the accompanyingdrawings..y

Figure 1 1s avertical elevation with part of the casing and the reversing-pinions removed. Fig. 2 is a vertical elevation showing v the opposite side of thecasing which carries part o the shifting mechanism. Fig. 3 is a vertical cross-section taken on the line 3 3, ofl

ism, the reversing-pinions being shown out of engagement with other pinions or gears.y

Fig. 10 is a similar view showing the pinions moved with one pinion in engagement with the driving-pinion, but-with the slow-speed gear out of engagement so that the driven shaft is not operated. Fig. 11 is a similar view showing the slow-speed gear in engage- ICO IOS

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iment with oneof the reversing-pinions.

Figs. 12, 13, 14, 15, and 16 illustrate the details of a modified form in which rigid clutchjaws are employed between the driven wheels and driven shaft, and in which the flexible connection is placed in the shifting mechanism, as shown in Fig. 13; and Figs. 17, 1'8, 19, and 20 illustrate mechanism for obtaining a direct driving connection between the' `engine of driving-shaft .and thedifferential com ensating gear commonly employed on the riven axle ofautomobiles.

Referring to the drawings, in which similar reference-symbols refer to the same parts in the different views, A and B are the driving andl driven shafts, respectively, and C indicates thecasing in which the bearings for said shafts are formed, and which casing in practice may be made with tight joints and packed bearings to retain oil. The drivingshaft has keyed thereon and properly spaced by sleeves or otherwise the driving-wheels 1,3, 5, 7 and 9, the latter being the drivingwheel for the reversing-pinions. The driven shaft has sleeved thereon the driven wheels 2, 4,6, and 8. Each wheel being provided with clutch-jaws aarranged to engage slid- 'ing spring-pressed clutch-jaws b on the shaft B. The clutch-jaws a on wheels 4, 6, and 8 are vbeveled 0H at one side, as shown in Figs. 1, 6, and 7, and the co erating jaws b are also beveled off, but o n t e opposite side, so

u that the jaws of one set may slip when the shaft vis driven by gear-wheels of Y higher speed. The coperating jaws a b for wheel 2 are not beveled, since this is the high-speed 'iwheel and no slippagelis required. Wheel 8 pair of jaws a',

shown in Fig. 5, the springs for the slides carryingjaws b have hooked ends t7, which engage the tslides and the opposite ends are ooped around stops b3, which are preferably screw-threaded. studs. It will be 'seenthat if the jaws on wheel 2 strike jaws b when that Wheel is moved into mesh with wheel 1 the jaws will move to the left and that when the jaws clear eachother the springs b5 will draw jaws bf back Ainto locking position between jaws -The object in having movable jaws at this point' is mainly to prevent undue cramping and straining of the jaws and the shifting mechanism should the jaws strike when wheel 2 isshifted and before, ythe shifting-lever reaches its position of full-shift. The springs b5 for the slides carrying jaws b are carried byrods b9, having at one end Figs. 1 and 3,y

' heads b1", which bear against studs 118,and at the opposite ends have heads b, which serve r as guides, the end of the spring in the bore bearing against a shoulder 1112 to push the slides to the right. The movement of slides b4 to the right is limited by studs 68, as shown in Fig. 5. Clutch-jaws b2 are shown as sta! tionary, and while they are shown as provided with blocks 513, fitting slots b3, they may be mounted on and secured to the shaft in any otherv suitable manner. If desired, these jaws may also be arranged to slide, but at this oint movable jaws are not necessary, since t e strain is not so great and because jaws a of wheel 8 are generally brought into locking position therewith while at rest, and

for these reasons jaws a and b2 are not bevv eled off to facilitate slip age.

The shifting device fiir each driven wheel comprises a pair of shoes d, pivoted at diametrically opposite 'points to arms d, carried by a pivoted rod d2, which is provided with an operating-arm on the exterior of the k casing and whicharm has a stud engaging a cam-slot in the cam-wheels of the shifting mechanism'. The operating'- arIns for the shifting devices of driven wheels 8, 6, 4, and 2, respectively, are the arms 8a, 6a, 4a,land 2a, and the cam-grooves in which move the studs 8c 6c 4c 2, which move the arms, are 8b, 6b, 4b., and 2", respectively. These camslots are cut in opposite sides of disks D and D', the former having the slots 8b Vand 6b,

which control the first and second speed con-.

nections, respectively, and the latter having slots 4b and 2b, which control the third-speed and the fourth `or high speed connections, respectively. These disks are provided with gear-teeth, which are always in mesh, and they are mounted on stub-shafts T T, projecting'from the casing, as shown, and disk D has keyed to it a pinion D2, which meshes with a curved rack D3, carried by the controlling-lever D4, pivoted to the bottom of the'casing by the rod d5, which is fitted to rockin the bearing d. In practice when the gear is applied to a'vehicle the controllinglever D4 vwill be connected to a controllinglever proper near the seat of the operator and be provided with suitable locking-stops; but for the purpose of simple illustration I have shown the locking-stops mounted directly on the gear-box. As shown, the controlling device consists of a curved plate havin stops or .notches S, S, S2, S3, S, and R, in icatin res ectively, stop, first speed, second, thir and) fourth speeds, and the reversing position. To engage the notches, I provide a locking-dog L, which is forced into the notches by a springl, carried in a barrel l', mounted on lever D4. Thedog L is pivoted on a block Z2, said block and lever D4 being slotted to receive the dog which is disengaged from the notches by a rod Z3, which eX- tends above the handle end of the lever and IOO TIO

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terminates in a knob to be engaged by the operators thumb. This makes a very simple and easily-operated locking arrangement andis not interfered with by the grip of the operator on the controlling-lever.

The reversing-pinions are marked land 11 and are adapted to mesh, respectively,

with driving-wheel 9 and `low-speed driven,4

- walls of the casing at 14 and 15, as shown in Figs. 9, 10, and 11. Pinions 10 and 11 are normally in the position shown in Fig.. 9, where they'are held by a pivoted springpressed lever E, having an arm E', projecting between the pinions, and an armEz, projecting downward at right angles to arm E and in the path of movement ofA wheel 8. This lever has an upwardly-projecting pivotrod e5, which passes through a bearingblock e, secured to the rear side ,of bearin e of shaft A, as shown in Figs. 1' and 3. T ls pivot-rod has a spring e2 coiled around it and serves to throw arm E to the rightl to hold pinions 10 and 11 as shown in Fig. 9. Arm

' E2 is rovided with a spring-cushioned arm E3, w `ch is pivoted ony a plate e3, secured to the rear end of lever E. Between arms E2v and E3 are stiff coiled springs e4; but any kind of spring may be employed, or a stiff blade-spring may be substituted for arm E3.

The object of these springs is to afford a suficiently rigid arm when engaged by the shoe d' of wheel 8 to swing lever Ejagainst the ten'- Asion of spring e2', and thereby shift pinions 10 and 11 to the left, asshown in Figs..10 and 11, andat the.same time afforda'yielding arm to prevent straining of the parts and undue grinding of theteeth on wheels 9, 10, 11, and 8 in bringing them into mesh. 'A furltherand important object of the yielding l arm is .to insure the wheels 9 10 and 8 11 being fully in mesh before clutch-jaws a bl2 are locked, the final'movement of shoes d, which engage wheel 8,' compressing spring e4 as the jaws are locked'.

' Clutch-jawsfz, formed integrally with sleeve- 5 5 yReferring now to Figs. 12 to 1 6, inclusive, which show the modified form ofl my invention, B indicates the driven shaft, and F indicates sleeves keyed to the shaft and provided with beveled clutch-jaws F, adapted to be engaged by clutch-jaws a on wheels 6 and 8.

F, correspond to jaws b2 of Fig. 1 and are engaged by jaws a of wheel 8 when'the reversing-gear is operated. Thedriven wheels are loosely mounted on sleeves F. In Fig. 13

arms 8a and 46a, which engage cam-groovesv 8b and 6b, correspond to arms 8- and 6a of Fig. 2, and a similar set of arms will be provided for wheel D. In this arrangement arms 8a and 6a are loosely mounted on rods d2, as shown by Fig. 16, `and are o eratively connected therewith through auXi 'ary arms 8X and 6X, and stiff coiled springs X, arms 8X and 6X being keyed by the set-screw d5, Fig. 16, to rods' d2.v By reference'to Fig. 13 it will be seen that as arm 8a is moved by its cam- .groove itsmovement will be impartedto arm 8 by spring X, thereby turning rod d2 and moving lever d to shift wheel 8. In this vconstruction the arm 3a has another arm 8,

formed therewith. A double spring is between each of the said arms, the inner ends of said springs bearing on washers loosely sleeved on a rod passing through said springs,

the said rod passing through a lug having an o ening therein carried by the armBX. If in sliifting the wheel its jaws a should strike j aws f, the spring X between arms 8a and 8X will yield while the operator continues to apply-pressure to the controlling-lever, thereby avoiding the straining of the shifting mech- I l anism, and similarly while the clutch of a -swing its arm 8X backward while the opera- 'tor is` still moving or applying pressure to the controlling-lever D4; but no damage will Abe done, since spring X will simply be conipressed.

The operation of the apparatus is as fol-1 4 lows, asspm'mg that shaft A rotates in the direction o the arrow on that shaft. Starting from the position of rest, Figs. 1 and 2, lever D4 is moved to position S. This movement, through rack D3 and pinion D2, rotates disks D and D in the direction of the arrows and produces a relative movement of the camgrooves in said disks and their cooperating arms. During this first movement 1t will be observedthat the pins on studs 2c 4c 6c on arms 2a, 4", and 6a travel in the concentric arts of their respective, cam-grooves, and vhence no movement is imparted to those arms; but the pin Scon arm 8a is moved toward the center of disk D. This movement,

through arms 8a and rod d2, swings arm d',

Fig. 1, to the left and moves wheel 8 into mesh with 'wheel 7, and if the clutch-jaws a should happen to strike before locking the movable jaws b will be forced to the left against their springs, and as the wheel rotates the springs will force jaws b back into locking position between jaws a. The drivinglconnection established by this movement will be from shaft A and gear 7 to gear 8 and shaft B, which is the low-speed connection. T o obtain the next higher speed, lever D4`1s moved in position S2. During this movement the pins 4 and 2c on arms 4a and 2a will continue to trav el in the concentric parts of grooves 4b and 2b, and hence wheels 4 and 2 remain stationary. The effect of `this movement is to swing arm 6a to the right,

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Fig.'2, and arm 8xl back to the position shown in Fig. 2 but the short concentric partV of groove 8b near the center of disk D will hold lever 8a stationary for a short interval, thus maintaining a driving connection. When arm 6a arrives in the concentric part of groove 6b near the periphery of the disk, wheel 6 will be fully in mesh with wheel 5 and its clutchjaws locked.- As wheel 8 moves back shaft B will rotate faster, and the clutch-jaws a of this wheel will slip over the jaws b until the movement of disk D shifts this wheel far enough to the right,.F-ig. 1, to cause the jaws a, to clpar jaws b, and in the subsequent movement of disk D wheel8 will return to its idle position. To obtain the next higher speed, the lever D4-is moved to notch S3, when the gear 4 will be moved to the left, Fig. 1, into engagement with the gear 3 by the lever d, which is operated by the lever 4a, the pin -4C of which moves in the groove 4b, and at the same time that the gear 6 is moved to the right out of engagementy with gear 5. During this operation the pin 8c moves in the concentric pa'rt of the groove 8l" and the wheel'8 is still held out of engagement. The

.Y spring-jaws B and clutch-jaws a, ofthe gear 4 operate the same as the jaws a b for the wheels 6y and 8. By throwing the lever to notch S4. the wheel 2, the higher-speed wheel, is moved inthe same manner into mesh with gear 1,( and gear 4"is', by the shape of the groove 4b, through the pin 4, working in said groove, the levers 4, and rod d2 and d out of mesh with the gear 3, and the pin 6c 8C, moving in the concentric parts of the grooves 8b 6b, will, through levers 8a 6, hold these gears 8 and 6 'out of mesh vwith their respective driving-gears 5 and 7. To move from one speed to another, it is only necessary to throw the lever D4 into its propernotch, when the ap ropriate gear wil be shifted into mesh, an another'gear will be thrown out, and the i driven gears not being operated upon by the levers will be held out of engagement with their driving-gears. It is to be understood, of course, from the above description that the gear that is being moved out of mesh does' not leave its corresponding driving-gear until the gear being moved into mesh is clutched to the shaft B. At all times when moving from` one speed to another, either higher or lower, the lower-speed gear will, owing to the driving-shaft being-speeded up, slip by' the s ring-jaws until it is entirely connected or isconnected from its driven gear. By this arrangement it will be seen that there will be no unnecessary strain on the gear-teeth, that at all times one of the driven gears will be in mesh with a driving-gear during the shifting l operation, the vehicle be under control at all changes in speed,l and at no time will the gears lose their grip in changing from one speed to another. To change the direction of motion of the driven gear, assuming the working in said groove, will be thrown to the left, Fig. 2, and the lever d connected therewith, through rod d2, will throw the'gear 8 to the right, Fig. 1. As the lever 4is being moved to notch R the gear 8 is moved to the right, where it contacts with the downwardlyspring-pressed arm E3,'and the, compression of the springs e4.on thedownwardly-projecting arm E2 throws the forward arm E of the lever E to the left, so that `the reversinggears 10 and 11 are moved to the left, as shown in Fig. 10, so that in this position the reversing-gears are in operative position, but

are not in contact with the driven gear 9. When the gear 8l is moved to its extreme position to the right, the gears 10 and 11 are moved into mesh with gear 8 and -the clutchjaws a of gear 8 engage the clutch-jaws b2 of the driven shaft, andthis shaft will be driven in the reverse directionfrom'that before the reversing-gears 10 and 11 had `been thrown into operativeV position. Moving the lever D4 .back to S, the gear 8 moves to the left and throws 10 and 1 1 to the right to its idle or rest position, as shown in Fig. 9.

. It is believed that it is not necessary to set forth in detail the operation of the modified construction shown in Figs. 12 to 16. Itis to be understood, of course, that the vmech- .anism is the same, except that the j aws f are stationary and that the springs between levers8a and 8X, 6a and 6 permit the lower speed-gear to slip when changing from one speed to the otheruntil the driven gear being moved into operative position is in -full engagement with said driven shaft and the one being moved out is out of engagement of the shaft. Y

In Figs. 17 to 20, inclusive, are illustrated the driving connections between the driven shaft AB and the usual bevel or compensating gear on the driven aXle and qthe additional connection between that gear and the engine or driving-shaft A for a direct driving connection. ,-A and B are the driving-pinions for the compensating gear D2". As shown, both ofthem are-in mesh with the gear D21; but either one or the other may be moved out or placed in mesh with said gear D21 by moving the lever h in a manner to be described. As shown, these pinions are carried by shafts A4 B4, arranged to slide in bearings A5 B5 in the gear-box B6, and one end of each shaft is provided with slide-couplings A2 and B2, to which shafts A and B are connected, as shown in Fig. 19. Those couplings are provided with arms A3 and B3', having reduced ends a3 b3, which move in cam-*grooves g and y',

. and H2, so that disk D can be rotated-only saaie?,

respectivel-y, formed in opposite sides of camdisk G. This disk is provided with gearteeth g2, meshing with a curved rack- H,

which is moved in either direction by lever h. .I

The movement of this lever is controlled by arm H, which is provided withtwo notches H2 and H3, which cooperate with Hange h2 is higher than part h2, and the width of these parts correspond to the depths of notches H3 when lever h is in either one of two positions,

' and lever h can only be shifted while arm H is in line with the notch h in the Harige. The position of the partsshown by Figs. 17 and yand h3 on disk DI 4The part of the Harige h2` 18 indicate the position of the lever when the ter, are in mesh and may be driven forward.'

The arm H being in the notch h', it may be .shifted in either direction to move either one Y or the -other of the beveled gears A or B out of mesh with the gear D2?. Suppose it is desired to` drivethe shaft D22 directly from the shaft A without driving through the variablespeed shaft B. The lever h is thrown to the right, Figs. 17 and 18, and the gear B will be moved to the right bythe end ofthe arm B3 moving in the cam-groove g out of mesh with gear D21 and the notch H2 moved over the Hanges h2 and h3.= When the parts are in this position, 'the wheel D, ,carrying this flange, can be rotated by the lever D12. This lever is now moved to the rest-notc i S, when thel gear 6 will be moved out of mesh with 5, the'sha e of the groove 6b moving the levers 6 and to move the gear 6, as thus stated. By the next movement part fhs of the Harige now strikes the side of the arm I-I, and the diskD cannot be furthermoved. It is tobe noted that this arm H moves ina strap H4, which prevents vthe arm from being raised, so that the part of the Harige h3 cannot move in said notch H2. To drive the shaft D22 through the speed-gears, so that there can be variablespeeds given` to said shaft B, the lever D4 is thrown to the right as far as S2. In this operation the lever h .is

4moved to the left, A is moved out of engage'- ment -with the gear D21 through the reduced speeds desired or to reverse, the power' being v end of arm A? moving ingroove g of disk G, and the gear B remains in engagement with gear D21. Thenotch Hafin the arm H is then incsuch osition that the disk Dfcan be turnedentire around in either direction this notch H1 Heing suiliciently deep or high to permit that part of the flange h2 topass through it without obstruction.` ',f The lever -D4 can then be moved to any of the notches S', S2, S7, S4, and R tol obtain.. any of the driven from shaft A through the speed-gears to shaft B, beveled gear B, gears D21 D20 to shaft D22. l

Various changes or modifications can be kmade in the invention herein described without departing from the spirit thereof.

Having described my invention, What I claim as new, and desire to secure by- Letters i Patent, lis- 1. In a variable gear, the combination of a driving-shaft, two or more gears of different diameters keyed thereon, a driven shaft, ay

.corresponding set of gears sleeved thereon, clutches for locking said gears to the driven shaft, and means vfor shifting4 said driven g'earsinto and'out of mesh, `substantially as described. 2. In a variable gear, the combination of a driving-shaft, two or more gears of different -diameters keyed thereon, a driven shaft, a correspondingset of gears sleeved thereon, clutches for locking said gears to the ldriven shaft, and means for shifting said driven gearsinto and outof mesh with the drivinggears without breaking the connection betweenthe Shafts, substantially as described.

3. In a variable gear, the combination of a driving-shaft, a plurality of gears of different diameters keyed thereon, a driven shaft, a

plurality of gears sleeved thereon, clutches 9`5 or locking the gears to the driven shaft,

means for shifting the driven gears into and ,out of mesh with the driving-gears, the said gears being so located and arranged in corri-- nection with each other and with the clutchesl that the gears may be moved. into and outl of mesh Without breaking the' connection between the shafts and when the shifting 1s completed only one set of gears' will be in connection, substantially as described..

4. In a-variable gear, thecombination of a, driving-shaft, two or more gears of different diameters keyed thereon, a driven shaft, a

` corresponding set of gears sleeved thereon,

clutches for locking said gears to the driven shaft, and4 means for shifting said driven roo IIO

gears into and out of mesh, successively l While the load is on the driven gear of higher speed, substantially as described. I

5. In a variable gear the combination of a driving-shaft, two or more gears of different diameters keyed thereon, a driven shaft, a corresponding set of gears sleeved thereon, clutches for lockin said gears-to the driven shaft, means forsiftingv said driven gears into and out bf mesh and means whereby the clutch for ione driven Wheel-will. slip While the clutch of an adjacent driven wheel is.,

locked during the shift from onev speed to another,'substantially as described. I

6.. In a variable gear the combination .ofa

driving-shaft, two or more gears of'different diameters keyed thereon', a driven shaft,'.a I

corresponding set of gears sleeved thereon, clutches for locking said gears to the driven Shaft, means for shifting said driven gears into and out of mesh and means for directly couplin the driving-shaft to the load, substantialIy as described. l

7-. In a gearing for vehicles, thel combination of a driving-shaft, two or more gears of -different diameters keyed thereon, a driven shaft, a corresponding set of gears sleeved thereon, clutches for locking said gears to the driven shaft, means for shifting said driven gears into and' out of mesh, a compensating gear driven through said variable-speed gear, a driving connection between both shafts of said variable gear and said compensatinggear, and means for controlling the connection of said shafts with said gear, substantially as described.

8. In a variable-speed gear, the combination of a driving-shaft, two or` more gears of different diameters keyed thereon, a driven shaft, a corresponding set of gears sleevedr thereon, clutch-jaws on said driven wheels, movable clutch-jaws carriedby said driven shaft and ada ted to be engaged by the jaws on said wheels and means for shifting said driven gears into and ont of mesh, substantially as described.

9. In a variable-speed gear, the combinat1 on.of a driving-shaft, two or more gears of different I,diameters keyed thereon, a driven shaft, a corresponding set of gears sleeved thereon, clutch-jaws on said driven Wheels,

spring-pressed sliding clutch-jaws carried by said driven shaft and adapted t'o be engaged by the jaws on said wheels andmeans or shifting said driven gears into and out of mesh, substantially as described.` f 10.` yIn a variable-s eed gear, the combination of a driving-sha t, two or more gears of different diameters keyed thereon, a driven shaft, a corresponding set of gears sleeved thereon', `clutch-jaws on said driven wheels,

y, longitudinally-movable clutch-jaws carried by Said driven' shaft and adapted to'be engaged by the jaws on said wheels and means or shifting said driven gears into and out of mesh, substantially as described.

1,1. I n a variable-s eed gear, the combination of a driving-sha t, two or more gears of "different diameters keyed thereon, a driven shaft, a corresponding set of gears sleeved i thereon, clutch-jaws on said driven wheels,

' -inovableclutch-jaws dovetailed on said v ing) said driven ears into" and out of meshf driven shaft, and adapted to be engaged by the jaws on said wheelsand means for shifts tantiallyv as escribed. 12. In a variable-s eed gearthe combina- 'tion of a driving-sha t, two or more gears fof 6 differentl diameters keyed thereon, a driven shaft, a corresponding set of gears sleeved y thereon, clutch-jaws 'on said driven wheels sprin -pressed sliding' jaws dovetailed on y said riven shaft and adapted to be engaged by the-jaws on said wheels and means for shifting said driven gears into and out of mesh, substantially as described.

13. In a variable-speed gear, the combination of a driving-shaft, two or more gears of different diameters keyed thereon, a driven shaft, a corresponding set of gears sleeved thereon, clutch-jaws on said drivenwheels, movable clutch-jaws carried by said driven shaft and ada ted to be engaged by the jaws on said whee s, said clutch-jaws being beveled o in one direction to permitslippage of the jaws of one wheel while the jaws of; a higher-speed wheel are locked, and means for shifting said driven gears into and out of mesh, substantially as described.

14. In a variable-speed gear, the combination of a driving-shaft, two or more gears of different, diameters keyed thereon, a driven shaft, a corresponding set of gears sleeved thereon, y'clutch-jaws on said driven wheels, spring-pressed slidingclutch-jaws carried by being beveled off in one direction to permit slippage of the jaws of one wheel while the jaws of a higher-speed wheel are locked, and means for shifting said driven gears into and out of mesh, substantially as described.y t

15. In a variable-speed gear, the combination of a driving-shaft, two or more gears of different diameters keyed thereon, a driven shaft, a corresponding set of gears sleeved thereon, clutch-jaws on saidl driven wheels, clutch-jaws on said driven shaft adapted to be engaged-by the jaws on said wheels, said clutch-jaws being beveled off in one direction to permit slippage of the jaws of one wheel while the jaws of a higher-speed wheel vare locked,-\and means'for shifting said driven gears into and out of mesh, substantiallyas xdescribed. i

. 16. In' a variable-speed gear, the combination ofa driving-shaft, two or more gears of different diameters keyed thereon, a driven shaft, a corresponding set of gears sleeved thereon, clutch-jaws on said driven wheels,

clutch-jaws on said driven shaft adapted to be engaged by the jaws on said wheels, said with axdriving-shaft, a gear fixed thereon, a

driven shaft, a gear movable thereon, and two j reversing-pinions rotating together, one adapted to mesh with the gear on the driving-shaft and the other with the gear on the driven shaft,`the said pinion adapted to be moved longitudinally along the shaft to be placed in or ozrtof engagement with the said- TOO gear on the driving-shaft and on the driven shaft and means for producing a Arelative sliding movement of said gears to move them into andout of mesh, substantially as described.

18. In a reversing-gear, the combination with a driving-shaft, a gear fixed thereon, a

' Wheel, substantiallyas described.

.1Q/In .a reversing-gear, the combination Wrtha driving-shaft, a gear fixed thereon, a driven shaft, a gear movable thereon, and

v two reversin'g-pinions rotating together, one

adapted to mesh with the gear on the driving-shaft and the other with the gear on the driven shaft, means for moving said driven Wheel into mesh with one reversing-pinion and a pivoted lever operated through the movement of said driven Wheel against .spring .tensionformoving the other reversling-pinion into mesh With the driving-Whee],`

vsubstantially as described.

.20. In a reversing-gear, the combination With a driving-shaft, a gear fixed thereon, a driven 'shaftfa gear movable thereon, and tWo reversing-pinions rotating together, one adapted tomesh with the gear on the drivlng-shaft and the other with the gear on the drlven shaft, means for moving said driven Wheel into mesh with one reversing-pinion, a plvoted lever adapted through the movement of s aid driven Wheel against spring tension for moving the other reversing-pinion into 6o lever, substantiall as described.'

- describe mesh vvith the driving-Wheel, and a-yielding operatin -arm on said lever, substantially as 21. 'In avariable-speed\v ear, the combina- -tionwith driving-gears an a series of driven Wheels adapted to be moved into and out of mesh with said driving-gears, of a series of arms one and @nly one for'moving each of said driven Wheels,'a single camy for moving each of said arms, and a controlling-lever for rotating said disk, substantially as described.

22. In avaliable-speed ear, the combination With driving-gears an a series of driven Wheels 'adapted' to-be moved vinto and out of mesh with said drivingears, of a series of arms one and only one orl moving each of saiddriven Wheels, a single cam for moving each of said arms, a controllin lever for rotatrng said disk, and a locking evice for said 23. In a variab e-speed gear, the combinat1on -vinththe drlvinggears and a series of driven-gears adapted to, be moved into and out of mesh with said driving-gears, the driving and driven gears being so located with relation to each other that all of the drivinggears Will not be disconnected from the driven gears during the moving operation, of a series of arms for moving the driven gears, means for moving said arms, and a controlling-lever for controlling said means.

24. In a variable-speed gear, the combination with driving-gears anda series of driven Wheels adapted to be moved into and out of mesh with said driving-gears, of a' series of arms for moving said driven Wheels, two camdisks for moving said arms, said disks being geared together, and a controlling-lever for rotating said disks, substantially as described. l

V25. In avariable-speed gear, the combination With driving-gears and a series of driven Wheels'adapted to be moved into and out of mesh With said driving-gears, of a series of arms for moving said driven Wheels, two cam-disks for moving said arms, s aid disks being geared together, and a controlling-lever for rotating said disks, a rack and pinion through which said disks are rotated, substantially as described. y e

26. Ilia variable-speed gear, the combination with driving-gears and a series of driven Wheels adapted to be moved into and out of mesh With said driving-gears, of a series of arms for moving said driven Wheels, two cam-.disks for moving said arms, said disks being geared together, a controlling-lever for rotating said disks, and a locking device yfor said lever, substantially as described.

27. In a variable-'speed gear, a drivingshaft, aplurality of gears of diiierent diame- Jeers secured thereto, a driven shaft, a correspoil/ding number of gears loosely sleeved thereon, means for locking said gears to the drivenl shaft, and -a means for moving the gears carried by the driven shaft into and out of mesh With the gears carried by the driving-shaft, and means to provide a yielding connection between the driven shaft and the gears `carried thereby.

28. In a variable-speed mechanism, a driving-shaft', gears of dierent diameters keyed IIO to said shaft, a driven shaft, gears of different diameters sleeved on said shaft, clutch-jaws carried by the driven shaft, correspondingy clutch-j aWs on the gears carried by said shaft, and means adapted to yield when the clutchjaws are brought in contact with each other.

29. In a gear mechanism, a driving-shaft, a

'series of gears of dierent diameters keyed thereto, a driven shaft, a series of driven gears loosely journaled thereon adapted to mesh With the first-mentioned gears, a compensating gear, connections between the compensating gear and the driving and driven gears, and means `whereby the said connections can ybe moved so asto lpermit both the driving and driven gears to engage the compensating gear or either the one or the other .to be disconnected therefrom.

moving the driven gears into or out of mesh with the driving-gears, and a connection between said arm and said means whereby the said meanscan be operated onlyl when the said arm is in a given position.

31. In an a paratus of the class described, a driving-sha t, a series of wheels of different diameters keyed thereon, a driven shaft, a series of wheels of different diameters loosely sleeved thereon and adapted to mesh with the first-mentioned'wheels, clutch mechanisms between the driven wheel and the gears carried thereby, a compensating gear, a beveled gear connected to said compensating gear, a beveled gear carried by each of the driving and driven shafts and adapted to mesh with the'bevel-gear carried by the compensating gear, an arm carried by each of the drivingl and driven shafts,l a disk having grooves therein, into which the arms move and adapted to move either one or the other of the beveled gears carried by the shafts out 4Q disk, an arm carried by said disk having a seof mesh wit-h the beveledgear carried vby the compensating gear, a lever for operatingsaid ries of notches therein of different de th, a disk carrying a flange of different widt s and adapted to move in said notches when said arm is placed in certain positions, said disk.

having a 'cam-groove, al lever operated by said cam-'groove to move the driven wheels into and out of mesh with the driving-wheels and means for operating said disk. l

32.' In a device for shifting a gear, a plateV having inturned flanges adapted to contact with the side off the gear, and means for moving said plate as and for the purposes set forth. l l

33. In a device for shifting a gear, a plate having each edge thereof inturned, the said inturned edges adapted to contact with both sides of the gear so thatythe gear ma vbe moved in either direction on a shaft, a ever pivoted to said plate, said lever adapted to be operated to move the gear. c

34. In an apparatus of the class described, a shaft having clutch-jaws secured thereto, a gear mounted on ysaid shaft and adapted to slide longitudinally thereof, clutch-jaws carried by said gear and adapted to be moved into engagement with the clutch-j aWs on the shaft, a shoe contacting with said gear and adapted to move it laterally, a lever pivoted to saidshoe, vand means .for operating said lever.

35. In an a paratus of the class described,

a rotating sha t, clutch-jawssecured thereto,A

a gear loosely sleeved on said shaft, clutchjaws carried by thegear and adapted to engage the clutch-1] aws on the shaft, a Ipair of shoes mounted at opposite edges of t edges adapted to contact with the side of the gear whereby u on the movement of the shoe the gear Wi l be shifted laterally on theshaft to bring the clutch-j awsinto and out of FRANZ MARKGRAF. Witnesses: 'j

H. M` SEAMANS, M. E. HALL.

a e said. gear, each of said shoes having inturnedv 

